It can also be obtained from seawater, coal, and shale gas.īoron exists in various allotropes, including amorphous boron, crystalline boron, and boron nanotubes, which have unique properties and potential applications in various fields. It has a low abundance in the Earth’s crust and is primarily found in borate minerals such as borax and kernite.
It has a unique ability to form strong covalent bonds and is used in the production of borosilicate glass, which has a low coefficient of thermal expansion and is resistant to thermal shock.īoron is a semiconductor and is used in electronic devices such as transistors and diodes. It is an excellent conductor of heat and is used in nuclear reactors as a neutron absorber.īoron has a low density of 2.3 g/cm 3 and is used in composites to strengthen materials such as carbon fibers and ceramics. It has a high melting point of 2076 ℃ and a boiling point of 3927 ℃.īoron is a very hard substance and is used to make abrasives and cutting tools. Propertiesīoron is a metalloid with the symbol B and atomic number 5. This process also requires high temperatures and a protective atmosphere of an inert gas. Another common method of producing boron is through the thermal decomposition of boron halides such as boron trichloride.
#5 BORON SERIES#
The process typically yields a mixture of boron and the metal used for the reduction, which is subsequently separated through a series of chemical reactions. The reduction process is typically conducted at high temperatures (1100-1300 ℃) and is carried out under a protective atmosphere of an inert gas such as argon. The production of elemental boron is primarily accomplished by the reduction of boron oxide with either magnesium or aluminum metal. It can also be found in volcanic spring waters and seawater. Boron also occurs in various minerals such as boracite and colemanite. It occurs naturally in the form of borates, such as borax, kernite, and ulexite. Occurrence and productionīoron is relatively rare in the Earth’s crust, making up only about 0.001% of the Earth’s crust by weight. Since then, the production of boron has evolved and various methods are now employed including the reduction of boron halides with hydrogen or metal hydrides, and the thermal decomposition of boron-containing compounds. The first large-scale production of elemental boron was accomplished in 1909 by American chemist Ezekiel Weintraub, who heated boron oxide with magnesium powder.
In 1892, American chemist and physicist, Alfred Stock, prepared crystalline boron by reducing boron trichloride with hydrogen. However, it wasn’t until the early 1800s that boron was first isolated and identified as an element by French chemists Joseph-Louis Gay-Lussac and Louis-Jacques Thénard.
The history of boron dates back to ancient times, where it was used in various forms such as borax, a sodium borate mineral, by civilizations in Egypt, China, and the Middle East. Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac and Louis Jacques Thénard on 30 June 1808
#5 BORON HOW TO#
Learn how to find: Boron valence electrons Learn how to find: Boron protons neutrons electrons Boron location on periodic tableBoron is found in the second row of the periodic table above the aluminum element.Īrabic word “buraq” (which means mineral borax)
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